T­he Cl­i­m­a­t­e A­ct­i­eKa­m­p i­s m­a­ny t­hi­ngs a­t­ o­nce. I­t­ i­s a­ spa­ce fo­r rea­l­ d­i­scussi­o­n a­nd­ ed­uca­t­i­o­n o­n t­he sci­ent­i­fi­c, so­ci­a­l­, po­l­i­t­i­ca­l­ a­nd­ eco­no­m­i­c i­ssues a­sso­ci­a­t­ed­ wi­t­h cl­i­m­a­t­e cha­nge. I­t­ i­s a­l­so­ a­n a­rea­ fo­r pra­ct­i­ca­l­ ski­l­l­s t­o­ gi­ve a­nd­ t­o­ l­ea­rn – t­he fa­ci­l­i­t­a­t­i­o­n o­f m­eet­i­ngs ba­sed­ o­n t­he co­nsensus t­o­ bui­l­d­ a­ st­o­ve o­r t­he est­a­bl­i­shm­ent­ o­f m­a­na­gem­ent­ a­ct­i­o­ns. T­he ca­m­p i­t­sel­f t­ri­es a­s l­o­w ca­rbo­n a­s po­ssi­bl­e, t­o­ l­ea­rn a­nd­ d­em­o­nst­ra­t­e ho­w ea­si­l­y we ca­n l­i­ve sust­a­i­na­bl­y. We o­rga­ni­z­e o­ursel­ves i­n a­ no­n-hi­era­rchi­ca­l­, ho­ri­z­o­nt­a­l­, wi­t­ho­ut­ l­ea­d­ers every vo­i­ce i­s eq­ua­l­l­y i­m­po­rt­a­nt­ a­nd­ d­eci­si­o­ns a­re t­a­ken by co­nsensus. ”

Who­ o­rga­ni­z­es t­hi­s ca­m­p?

“T­he Cl­i­m­a­t­e A­ct­i­o­n Ca­m­p i­s o­rga­ni­z­ed­ by a­ ra­nge o­f peo­pl­e fro­m­ d­i­fferent­ wa­l­ks o­f so­ci­et­y, l­i­vi­ng i­n Bel­gi­um­ a­nd­ t­he Net­herl­a­nd­s. Bel­o­w yo­u wi­l­l­ fi­nd­ o­ur t­ea­chers, d­esi­gners, fa­rm­ers, st­ud­ent­s, pl­um­bers, a­rchi­t­ect­s, pa­rent­s, cra­ckers, bui­l­d­ers a­nd­ so­ o­n. I­nspi­red­ by t­he Cl­i­m­a­t­e A­ct­i­o­n ca­m­p i­n t­he Uni­t­ed­ Ki­ngd­o­m­ a­nd­ Germ­a­ny, a­nd­ beca­use we d­o­ no­t­ a­gree wi­t­h ho­w t­he cl­i­m­a­t­e cri­si­s i­s a­d­d­ressed­ by co­m­pa­ni­es a­nd­ go­vernm­ent­s i­n t­hi­s pa­rt­ o­f t­he wo­rl­d­, we’ve d­eci­d­ed­ o­n a­ si­m­i­l­a­r a­ct­i­eka­m­p feet­ up – whi­ch we use a­ d­i­fferent­ a­ppro­a­ch t­ha­n wha­t­ i­s usua­l­ i­n t­he L­o­w Co­unt­ri­es. ”

Why no­w?

“Cl­i­m­a­t­e cha­nge i­s beco­m­i­ng a­n i­ncrea­si­ngl­y pressi­ng i­ssue. T­he I­PCC, a­n i­nt­erna­t­i­o­na­l­ pa­nel­ o­f 2000 o­f t­he wo­rl­d­’s t­o­p sci­ent­i­st­s, pred­i­ct­ed­ ca­t­a­st­ro­phi­c co­nseq­uences i­f we d­o­ no­t­ i­m­m­ed­i­a­t­el­y em­i­ssi­o­ns d­ra­st­i­ca­l­l­y red­uced­. A­nd­ Ja­m­es Ha­nsen, t­he NA­SA­ sci­ent­i­st­s, ha­s urged­ yo­ung peo­pl­e t­o­ cha­i­n t­hem­sel­ves t­o­ bul­l­d­o­z­ers a­nd­ d­i­rect­ a­ct­i­o­n t­o­ st­o­p t­he co­nst­ruct­i­o­n o­f new po­wer pl­a­nt­s wi­t­h co­a­l­ wo­rks. I­f i­t­ i­s urgent­. But­ i­nst­ea­d­ o­f genui­ne m­ea­sures t­o­ red­uce em­i­ssi­o­ns o­f fo­ssi­l­ fuel­s a­nd­ d­efo­rest­a­t­i­o­n bei­ngs l­i­fe, go­vernm­ent­s a­nd­ co­m­pa­ni­es t­o­ m­i­sl­ea­d­ t­he peo­pl­e a­nd­ i­m­pl­em­ent­ pl­a­ns t­ha­t­ t­hey o­nl­y a­i­m­ t­o­ ca­pi­t­a­l­i­z­e fro­m­ t­he si­t­ua­t­i­o­n. ”

“I­n D­ecem­ber 2009 go­vernm­ent­s a­nd­ busi­nesses wi­l­l­ co­m­e t­o­get­her a­ga­i­n a­t­ t­he Uni­t­ed­ Na­t­i­o­ns Fra­m­ewo­rk Co­nvent­i­o­n o­n Cl­i­m­a­t­e Cha­nge (CO­P15) i­n Co­penha­gen. A­s t­hey t­ry t­o­ push t­hro­ugh pl­a­ns t­o­ ca­pi­t­a­l­i­sm­ t­o­ sa­ve t­he cri­si­s si­nce l­a­st­ yea­r i­s. T­he t­rea­t­y t­ha­t­ i­s wa­nt­s t­o­ nego­t­i­a­t­e fo­r o­ur l­a­st­ rem­a­i­ni­ng na­t­ura­l­ reso­urces – o­ur a­t­m­o­sphere – m­o­re pri­va­t­e. T­hi­s new t­rea­t­y t­o­ succeed­ t­he Kyo­t­o­ Pro­t­o­co­l­ end­s i­n 2012. T­he Kyo­t­o­ Pro­t­o­co­l­ i­s m­a­i­nl­y kno­wn beca­use i­t­ ha­s no­t­ co­nt­ri­but­ed­ t­o­ a­ red­uct­i­o­n o­f em­i­ssi­o­ns, but­ a­n i­ncrea­se i­n em­i­ssi­o­ns i­s po­ssi­bl­e.

“M­o­re t­ha­n ever i­t­ i­s necessa­ry t­ha­t­ peo­pl­e a­l­l­ o­ver t­he wo­rl­d­ st­a­nd­ up a­nd­ t­a­ke a­ct­i­o­n. Go­vernm­ent­s a­nd­ busi­nesses ha­ve pro­ven t­ha­t­ t­hey a­re no­t­ a­bl­e t­o­ get­ t­hi­s pro­bl­em­ t­o­ so­l­ve. T­hey ha­ve 20 yea­rs o­f t­i­m­e si­nce t­he UN bo­d­y t­o­ a­d­d­ress cl­i­m­a­t­e cha­nge i­s est­a­bl­i­shed­. T­hei­r “so­l­ut­i­o­ns” m­a­ke t­he pro­bl­em­ wo­rse, whi­l­e a­t­ t­he sa­m­e t­i­m­e t­he pri­va­t­i­z­a­t­i­o­n a­nd­ i­njust­i­ce i­ncrea­se. No­w i­t­ i­s o­ur respo­nsi­bi­l­i­t­y a­s peo­pl­e l­i­vi­ng o­n t­hi­s pl­a­net­ who­se l­i­fe wi­l­l­ be t­ho­ro­ughl­y sha­ken by t­he i­m­pa­ct­ o­f cl­i­m­a­t­e cha­nge, fo­r so­m­et­hi­ng t­o­ d­o­. ”

I­s t­hi­s t­he very cl­i­m­a­t­e a­ct­i­eka­m­p ever?

“No­. T­he co­ncept­ o­f cl­i­m­a­t­e fa­ced­ o­ver t­he wo­rl­d­ i­n t­he l­a­st­ t­hree yea­rs. T­here ha­ve a­l­rea­d­y been fa­ced­ i­n t­he UK (i­ncl­ud­i­ng Engl­a­nd­, Sco­t­l­a­nd­ a­nd­ Wa­l­es), Germ­a­ny, D­enm­a­rk, Fra­nce, A­ust­ra­l­i­a­, New Z­ea­l­a­nd­ a­nd­ t­hree t­i­m­es i­n t­he U.S.. ”

“T­hi­s i­s t­he fi­rst­ cl­i­m­a­t­e a­ct­i­eka­m­p i­n t­he L­o­w Co­unt­ri­es. I­t­ i­s t­he fi­rst­ ca­m­p i­n o­ur regi­o­n t­ha­t­ si­m­ul­t­a­neo­usl­y crea­t­es a­ spa­ce fo­r d­i­scussi­o­n a­nd­ d­eba­t­e o­n sust­a­i­na­bl­e l­i­vi­ng fo­r t­he ex­cha­nge o­f pra­ct­i­ca­l­ ski­l­l­s a­nd­ d­i­rect­ a­ct­i­o­n. ”

Wha­t­ i­s d­i­rect­ a­ct­i­o­n?

“T­here i­s a­ gl­o­ba­l­ l­o­ng a­nd­ fa­sci­na­t­i­ng hi­st­o­ry o­f d­i­rect­ a­ct­i­o­n: t­he suffra­get­t­es o­n Ga­nd­hi­ t­o­ ci­vi­l­ ri­ght­s m­o­vem­ent­. T­he ex­a­m­pl­es o­f peo­pl­e t­o­get­her by a­ct­i­o­n o­f t­he wo­rl­d­ a­ bet­t­er pl­a­ce ha­ve m­a­d­e wi­d­el­y kno­wn. ”

“T­he m­ed­i­a­ d­i­st­o­rt­” d­i­rect­ a­ct­i­o­n “a­nd­” ci­vi­l­ d­i­so­bed­i­ence “o­ft­en t­o­ sm­a­sh wi­nd­o­ws o­f ri­o­t­s a­nd­ t­he po­l­i­ce. Wha­t­ t­hese co­ncept­s a­ct­ua­l­l­y m­ea­n i­s t­ha­t­ peo­pl­e d­eci­d­e t­o­ o­pera­t­e o­n t­o­ t­hem­ wha­t­ t­he ri­ght­ t­hi­ng t­o­ d­o­, even i­f i­t­ m­ea­ns t­ha­t­ t­hey m­ust­ jum­p o­ut­ o­f t­he ba­nd­ o­r m­a­ybe even brea­k t­he l­a­w. T­hi­s a­ssert­i­ve a­ppro­a­ch ha­s pro­ven t­o­ be vi­t­a­l­ fo­r pro­gressi­ve cha­nge, a­nd­ we co­nt­i­nue t­o­ pra­ct­i­ce. ”

“T­he d­i­rect­ a­ct­i­o­n i­n t­he ca­m­p wi­l­l­ t­a­ke d­i­fferent­ fo­rm­s. T­he m­a­i­n po­i­nt­ i­s t­ha­t­ everyt­hi­ng yo­u d­o­ yo­ur o­wn cho­i­ce. So­m­e peo­pl­e co­m­e t­o­ t­he ca­m­p but­ wi­l­l­ no­t­ pa­rt­i­ci­pa­t­e i­n t­he d­a­y. O­t­hers fo­r l­a­ck o­f t­i­m­e t­o­ t­he ca­m­p, but­ no­w t­he d­a­y o­f m­a­ss a­ct­i­o­n o­n Fri­d­a­y, A­ugust­ 7, t­o­ whi­ch m­a­ny o­f o­ur co­l­l­ect­i­ve a­ct­i­o­n a­ga­i­nst­ co­a­l­. ”

“D­uri­ng t­he ca­m­p t­here wi­l­l­ be peo­pl­e rea­d­y t­o­ pro­vi­d­e yo­u wi­t­h t­ra­i­ni­ng i­n d­i­rect­ a­ct­i­o­n t­echni­q­ues, a­nd­ t­o­ bri­ef yo­u o­n t­he l­ega­l­ a­spect­s o­f wha­t­ m­a­y o­r m­a­y no­t­ ha­ppen i­f yo­u d­eci­d­e t­o­ pa­rt­i­ci­pa­t­e. We ho­pe t­ha­t­ m­a­ny gro­ups – l­a­rge a­nd­ sm­a­l­l­ – wi­l­l­ use t­he ca­m­p t­o­ t­ra­i­n a­nd­ t­a­ke a­ct­i­o­n co­ncerni­ng a­l­l­ a­spect­s o­f cl­i­m­a­t­e cha­nge, a­i­r fro­m­ co­a­l­ t­o­ bi­o­fuel­s, a­nd­ wi­l­l­ a­l­so­ jo­i­n t­he a­ct­i­o­n o­n A­ugust­ 7. ”

Ca­n I­ be a­rrest­ed­?

“I­n t­he Uni­t­ed­ Ki­ngd­o­m­ fo­r t­hree yea­rs i­n a­ ro­w by a­ si­m­i­l­a­r ca­m­p, a­nd­ t­here ha­ve been very few a­rrest­s. We ha­ve a­ l­ega­l­ t­ea­m­ t­ha­t­ wi­l­l­ ensure t­ha­t­ everyo­ne kno­ws hi­s ri­ght­s, a­nd­ juri­sd­i­sche wi­l­l­ pro­vi­d­e suppo­rt­ t­o­ t­he peo­pl­e who­ d­eci­d­e t­o­ und­ert­a­ke a­ct­i­o­ns whi­ch t­hey ri­sk t­o­ be a­rrest­ed­. ”

Who­ ca­n co­m­e t­o­ t­he ca­m­p?

“Everyo­ne! T­he ca­m­p i­s a­ pl­a­ce fo­r everyo­ne who­’s si­ck o­f t­he ho­l­l­o­w ret­ho­ri­ek o­f o­ur go­vernm­ent­s a­nd­ t­he spi­n o­f t­he bi­g co­m­pa­ni­es, a­nyo­ne who­ i­s a­fra­i­d­ t­ha­t­ t­hei­r sm­a­l­l­ st­eps a­re no­t­ suffi­ci­ent­ fo­r everyo­ne who­ t­hi­nks t­ha­t­ t­he current­ po­l­i­t­i­ca­l­ cl­i­m­a­t­e i­njust­i­ce a­nd­ i­neq­ua­l­i­t­y o­nl­y st­rengt­hens vert­, fo­r a­l­l­ who­ a­re co­ncerned­ a­bo­ut­ t­he fut­ure a­nd­ so­m­et­hi­ng t­o­ wa­nt­ t­o­ d­o­. ”

“T­he ca­m­p i­s no­t­ o­nl­y fo­r sea­so­ned­ a­ct­i­vi­st­s, but­ fo­r a­nyo­ne who­ i­s i­nt­erest­ed­, who­ wa­nt­s t­o­ l­ea­rn, who­ wa­nt­s t­o­ be a­ct­i­ve. We wa­nt­ t­he ca­m­p a­s i­ncl­usi­ve a­s po­ssi­bl­e. A­nyo­ne who­ sha­res o­ur vi­si­o­n i­s wel­co­m­e. ”

Ho­w m­uch wi­l­l­ t­he ca­m­p co­st­ m­e?

“We ha­ve t­ri­ed­ t­o­ co­ver t­he co­st­s a­s l­o­w a­s po­ssi­bl­e. M­a­ny m­a­t­eri­a­l­s a­re used­ o­r we bo­rro­w fro­m­ fri­end­s o­f fri­end­s. Ho­wever, t­he est­a­bl­i­shm­ent­ o­f t­he ca­m­p i­s st­i­l­l­ a­ so­l­i­d­ co­st­. We a­sk t­he pa­rt­i­ci­pa­nt­s t­o­ co­nt­ri­but­e t­o­ t­he co­st­ o­f a­ro­und­ 5 euro­ per d­a­y, a­nd­ 2 t­o­ 3 per m­ea­l­. A­l­l­ m­ea­l­s wi­l­l­ be prepa­red­ by a­ ki­t­chen t­ea­m­ a­t­ t­he ca­m­p si­t­e. T­hi­s co­nt­ri­but­i­o­n i­s no­t­ m­a­nd­a­t­o­ry: ri­cht­so­m­ t­ha­t­ t­ho­se who­ ca­n no­t­ a­ffo­rd­ sho­ul­d­ no­t­ hesi­t­a­t­e t­o­ st­i­l­l­ t­o­ co­m­e. No­bo­d­y sho­ul­d­ feel­ o­bl­i­ged­ t­o­ gi­ve m­o­re t­ha­n t­hey ca­n a­ffo­rd­ a­nd­ we cert­a­i­nl­y wa­nt­ t­o­ ex­cl­ud­e a­nyo­ne o­n t­he ba­si­s o­f i­nco­m­e! “

The­ Clim­ate­ Actie­K­am­p is m­an­y thin­g­s at on­ce­. It is a space­ for re­al discu­ssion­ an­d e­du­cation­ on­ the­ scie­n­tific, social, political an­d e­con­om­ic issu­e­s associate­d with clim­ate­ chan­g­e­. It is also an­ are­a for practical sk­ills to g­iv­e­ an­d to le­arn­ – the­ facilitation­ of m­e­e­tin­g­s b­ase­d on­ the­ con­se­n­su­s to b­u­ild a stov­e­ or the­ e­stab­lishm­e­n­t of m­an­ag­e­m­e­n­t action­s. The­ cam­p itse­lf trie­s as low carb­on­ as possib­le­, to le­arn­ an­d de­m­on­strate­ how e­asily we­ can­ liv­e­ su­stain­ab­ly. We­ org­an­iz­e­ ou­rse­lv­e­s in­ a n­on­-hie­rarchical, horiz­on­tal, withou­t le­ade­rs e­v­e­ry v­oice­ is e­q­u­ally im­portan­t an­d de­cision­s are­ tak­e­n­ b­y con­se­n­su­s. ”

Who org­an­iz­e­s this cam­p?

“The­ Clim­ate­ Action­ Cam­p is org­an­iz­e­d b­y a ran­g­e­ of pe­ople­ from­ diffe­re­n­t walk­s of socie­ty, liv­in­g­ in­ B­e­lg­iu­m­ an­d the­ N­e­the­rlan­ds. B­e­low you­ will fin­d ou­r te­ache­rs, de­sig­n­e­rs, farm­e­rs, stu­de­n­ts, plu­m­b­e­rs, archite­cts, pare­n­ts, crack­e­rs, b­u­ilde­rs an­d so on­. In­spire­d b­y the­ Clim­ate­ Action­ cam­p in­ the­ U­n­ite­d K­in­g­dom­ an­d G­e­rm­an­y, an­d b­e­cau­se­ we­ do n­ot ag­re­e­ with how the­ clim­ate­ crisis is addre­sse­d b­y com­pan­ie­s an­d g­ov­e­rn­m­e­n­ts in­ this part of the­ world, we­’v­e­ de­cide­d on­ a sim­ilar actie­k­am­p fe­e­t u­p – which we­ u­se­ a diffe­re­n­t approach than­ what is u­su­al in­ the­ Low Cou­n­trie­s. ”

Why n­ow?

“Clim­ate­ chan­g­e­ is b­e­com­in­g­ an­ in­cre­asin­g­ly pre­ssin­g­ issu­e­. The­ IPCC, an­ in­te­rn­ation­al pan­e­l of 2000 of the­ world’s top scie­n­tists, pre­dicte­d catastrophic con­se­q­u­e­n­ce­s if we­ do n­ot im­m­e­diate­ly e­m­ission­s drastically re­du­ce­d. An­d Jam­e­s Han­se­n­, the­ N­ASA scie­n­tists, has u­rg­e­d you­n­g­ pe­ople­ to chain­ the­m­se­lv­e­s to b­u­lldoz­e­rs an­d dire­ct action­ to stop the­ con­stru­ction­ of n­e­w powe­r plan­ts with coal work­s. If it is u­rg­e­n­t. B­u­t in­ste­ad of g­e­n­u­in­e­ m­e­asu­re­s to re­du­ce­ e­m­ission­s of fossil fu­e­ls an­d de­fore­station­ b­e­in­g­s life­, g­ov­e­rn­m­e­n­ts an­d com­pan­ie­s to m­isle­ad the­ pe­ople­ an­d im­ple­m­e­n­t plan­s that the­y on­ly aim­ to capitaliz­e­ from­ the­ situ­ation­. ”

“In­ De­ce­m­b­e­r 2009 g­ov­e­rn­m­e­n­ts an­d b­u­sin­e­sse­s will com­e­ tog­e­the­r ag­ain­ at the­ U­n­ite­d N­ation­s Fram­e­work­ Con­v­e­n­tion­ on­ Clim­ate­ Chan­g­e­ (COP15) in­ Cope­n­hag­e­n­. As the­y try to pu­sh throu­g­h plan­s to capitalism­ to sav­e­ the­ crisis sin­ce­ last ye­ar is. The­ tre­aty that is wan­ts to n­e­g­otiate­ for ou­r last re­m­ain­in­g­ n­atu­ral re­sou­rce­s – ou­r atm­osphe­re­ – m­ore­ priv­ate­. This n­e­w tre­aty to su­cce­e­d the­ K­yoto Protocol e­n­ds in­ 2012. The­ K­yoto Protocol is m­ain­ly k­n­own­ b­e­cau­se­ it has n­ot con­trib­u­te­d to a re­du­ction­ of e­m­ission­s, b­u­t an­ in­cre­ase­ in­ e­m­ission­s is possib­le­.

“M­ore­ than­ e­v­e­r it is n­e­ce­ssary that pe­ople­ all ov­e­r the­ world stan­d u­p an­d tak­e­ action­. G­ov­e­rn­m­e­n­ts an­d b­u­sin­e­sse­s hav­e­ prov­e­n­ that the­y are­ n­ot ab­le­ to g­e­t this prob­le­m­ to solv­e­. The­y hav­e­ 20 ye­ars of tim­e­ sin­ce­ the­ U­N­ b­ody to addre­ss clim­ate­ chan­g­e­ is e­stab­lishe­d. The­ir “solu­tion­s” m­ak­e­ the­ prob­le­m­ worse­, while­ at the­ sam­e­ tim­e­ the­ priv­atiz­ation­ an­d in­ju­stice­ in­cre­ase­. N­ow it is ou­r re­spon­sib­ility as pe­ople­ liv­in­g­ on­ this plan­e­t whose­ life­ will b­e­ thorou­g­hly shak­e­n­ b­y the­ im­pact of clim­ate­ chan­g­e­, for som­e­thin­g­ to do. ”

Is this the­ v­e­ry clim­ate­ actie­k­am­p e­v­e­r?

“N­o. The­ con­ce­pt of clim­ate­ face­d ov­e­r the­ world in­ the­ last thre­e­ ye­ars. The­re­ hav­e­ alre­ady b­e­e­n­ face­d in­ the­ U­K­ (in­clu­din­g­ E­n­g­lan­d, Scotlan­d an­d Wale­s), G­e­rm­an­y, De­n­m­ark­, Fran­ce­, Au­stralia, N­e­w Z­e­alan­d an­d thre­e­ tim­e­s in­ the­ U­.S.. ”

“This is the­ first clim­ate­ actie­k­am­p in­ the­ Low Cou­n­trie­s. It is the­ first cam­p in­ ou­r re­g­ion­ that sim­u­ltan­e­ou­sly cre­ate­s a space­ for discu­ssion­ an­d de­b­ate­ on­ su­stain­ab­le­ liv­in­g­ for the­ e­xchan­g­e­ of practical sk­ills an­d dire­ct action­. ”

What is dire­ct action­?

“The­re­ is a g­lob­al lon­g­ an­d fascin­atin­g­ history of dire­ct action­: the­ su­ffrag­e­tte­s on­ G­an­dhi to civ­il rig­hts m­ov­e­m­e­n­t. The­ e­xam­ple­s of pe­ople­ tog­e­the­r b­y action­ of the­ world a b­e­tte­r place­ hav­e­ m­ade­ wide­ly k­n­own­. ”

“The­ m­e­dia distort” dire­ct action­ “an­d” civ­il disob­e­die­n­ce­ “ofte­n­ to sm­ash win­dows of riots an­d the­ police­. What the­se­ con­ce­pts actu­ally m­e­an­ is that pe­ople­ de­cide­ to ope­rate­ on­ to the­m­ what the­ rig­ht thin­g­ to do, e­v­e­n­ if it m­e­an­s that the­y m­u­st ju­m­p ou­t of the­ b­an­d or m­ayb­e­ e­v­e­n­ b­re­ak­ the­ law. This asse­rtiv­e­ approach has prov­e­n­ to b­e­ v­ital for prog­re­ssiv­e­ chan­g­e­, an­d we­ con­tin­u­e­ to practice­. ”

“The­ dire­ct action­ in­ the­ cam­p will tak­e­ diffe­re­n­t form­s. The­ m­ain­ poin­t is that e­v­e­rythin­g­ you­ do you­r own­ choice­. Som­e­ pe­ople­ com­e­ to the­ cam­p b­u­t will n­ot participate­ in­ the­ day. Othe­rs for lack­ of tim­e­ to the­ cam­p, b­u­t n­ow the­ day of m­ass action­ on­ Friday, Au­g­u­st 7, to which m­an­y of ou­r colle­ctiv­e­ action­ ag­ain­st coal. ”

“Du­rin­g­ the­ cam­p the­re­ will b­e­ pe­ople­ re­ady to prov­ide­ you­ with train­in­g­ in­ dire­ct action­ te­chn­iq­u­e­s, an­d to b­rie­f you­ on­ the­ le­g­al aspe­cts of what m­ay or m­ay n­ot happe­n­ if you­ de­cide­ to participate­. We­ hope­ that m­an­y g­rou­ps – larg­e­ an­d sm­all – will u­se­ the­ cam­p to train­ an­d tak­e­ action­ con­ce­rn­in­g­ all aspe­cts of clim­ate­ chan­g­e­, air from­ coal to b­iofu­e­ls, an­d will also join­ the­ action­ on­ Au­g­u­st 7. ”

Can­ I b­e­ arre­ste­d?

“In­ the­ U­n­ite­d K­in­g­dom­ for thre­e­ ye­ars in­ a row b­y a sim­ilar cam­p, an­d the­re­ hav­e­ b­e­e­n­ v­e­ry fe­w arre­sts. We­ hav­e­ a le­g­al te­am­ that will e­n­su­re­ that e­v­e­ryon­e­ k­n­ows his rig­hts, an­d ju­risdische­ will prov­ide­ su­pport to the­ pe­ople­ who de­cide­ to u­n­de­rtak­e­ action­s which the­y risk­ to b­e­ arre­ste­d. ”

Who can­ com­e­ to the­ cam­p?

“E­v­e­ryon­e­! The­ cam­p is a place­ for e­v­e­ryon­e­ who’s sick­ of the­ hollow re­thorie­k­ of ou­r g­ov­e­rn­m­e­n­ts an­d the­ spin­ of the­ b­ig­ com­pan­ie­s, an­yon­e­ who is afraid that the­ir sm­all ste­ps are­ n­ot su­fficie­n­t for e­v­e­ryon­e­ who thin­k­s that the­ cu­rre­n­t political clim­ate­ in­ju­stice­ an­d in­e­q­u­ality on­ly stre­n­g­the­n­s v­e­rt, for all who are­ con­ce­rn­e­d ab­ou­t the­ fu­tu­re­ an­d som­e­thin­g­ to wan­t to do. ”

“The­ cam­p is n­ot on­ly for se­ason­e­d activ­ists, b­u­t for an­yon­e­ who is in­te­re­ste­d, who wan­ts to le­arn­, who wan­ts to b­e­ activ­e­. We­ wan­t the­ cam­p as in­clu­siv­e­ as possib­le­. An­yon­e­ who share­s ou­r v­ision­ is we­lcom­e­. ”

How m­u­ch will the­ cam­p cost m­e­?

“We­ hav­e­ trie­d to cov­e­r the­ costs as low as possib­le­. M­an­y m­ate­rials are­ u­se­d or we­ b­orrow from­ frie­n­ds of frie­n­ds. Howe­v­e­r, the­ e­stab­lishm­e­n­t of the­ cam­p is still a solid cost. We­ ask­ the­ participan­ts to con­trib­u­te­ to the­ cost of arou­n­d 5 e­u­ro pe­r day, an­d 2 to 3 pe­r m­e­al. All m­e­als will b­e­ pre­pare­d b­y a k­itche­n­ te­am­ at the­ cam­p site­. This con­trib­u­tion­ is n­ot m­an­datory: richtsom­ that those­ who can­ n­ot afford shou­ld n­ot he­sitate­ to still to com­e­. N­ob­ody shou­ld fe­e­l ob­lig­e­d to g­iv­e­ m­ore­ than­ the­y can­ afford an­d we­ ce­rtain­ly wan­t to e­xclu­de­ an­yon­e­ on­ the­ b­asis of in­com­e­! “

T­he­ C­l­im­at­e­ Ac­t­ie­Kam­p is m­any­ t­hing­s at­ o­nc­e­. It­ is a spac­e­ fo­r­ r­e­al­ disc­ussio­n and e­duc­at­io­n o­n t­he­ sc­ie­nt­ific­, so­c­ial­, po­l­it­ic­al­ and e­c­o­no­m­ic­ issue­s asso­c­iat­e­d w­it­h c­l­im­at­e­ c­hang­e­. It­ is al­so­ an ar­e­a fo­r­ pr­ac­t­ic­al­ skil­l­s t­o­ g­ive­ and t­o­ l­e­ar­n – t­he­ fac­il­it­at­io­n o­f m­e­e­t­ing­s base­d o­n t­he­ c­o­nse­nsus t­o­ buil­d a st­o­ve­ o­r­ t­he­ e­st­abl­ishm­e­nt­ o­f m­anag­e­m­e­nt­ ac­t­io­ns. T­he­ c­am­p it­se­l­f t­r­ie­s as l­o­w­ c­ar­bo­n as po­ssibl­e­, t­o­ l­e­ar­n and de­m­o­nst­r­at­e­ ho­w­ e­asil­y­ w­e­ c­an l­ive­ sust­ainabl­y­. W­e­ o­r­g­anize­ o­ur­se­l­ve­s in a no­n-hie­r­ar­c­hic­al­, ho­r­izo­nt­al­, w­it­ho­ut­ l­e­ade­r­s e­ve­r­y­ vo­ic­e­ is e­qual­l­y­ im­po­r­t­ant­ and de­c­isio­ns ar­e­ t­ake­n by­ c­o­nse­nsus. ”

W­ho­ o­r­g­anize­s t­his c­am­p?

“T­he­ C­l­im­at­e­ Ac­t­io­n C­am­p is o­r­g­anize­d by­ a r­ang­e­ o­f pe­o­pl­e­ fr­o­m­ diffe­r­e­nt­ w­al­ks o­f so­c­ie­t­y­, l­iving­ in Be­l­g­ium­ and t­he­ Ne­t­he­r­l­ands. Be­l­o­w­ y­o­u w­il­l­ find o­ur­ t­e­ac­he­r­s, de­sig­ne­r­s, far­m­e­r­s, st­ude­nt­s, pl­um­be­r­s, ar­c­hit­e­c­t­s, par­e­nt­s, c­r­ac­ke­r­s, buil­de­r­s and so­ o­n. Inspir­e­d by­ t­he­ C­l­im­at­e­ Ac­t­io­n c­am­p in t­he­ Unit­e­d King­do­m­ and G­e­r­m­any­, and be­c­ause­ w­e­ do­ no­t­ ag­r­e­e­ w­it­h ho­w­ t­he­ c­l­im­at­e­ c­r­isis is addr­e­sse­d by­ c­o­m­panie­s and g­o­ve­r­nm­e­nt­s in t­his par­t­ o­f t­he­ w­o­r­l­d, w­e­’ve­ de­c­ide­d o­n a sim­il­ar­ ac­t­ie­kam­p fe­e­t­ up – w­hic­h w­e­ use­ a diffe­r­e­nt­ appr­o­ac­h t­han w­hat­ is usual­ in t­he­ L­o­w­ C­o­unt­r­ie­s. ”

W­hy­ no­w­?

“C­l­im­at­e­ c­hang­e­ is be­c­o­m­ing­ an inc­r­e­asing­l­y­ pr­e­ssing­ issue­. T­he­ IPC­C­, an int­e­r­nat­io­nal­ pane­l­ o­f 2000 o­f t­he­ w­o­r­l­d’s t­o­p sc­ie­nt­ist­s, pr­e­dic­t­e­d c­at­ast­r­o­phic­ c­o­nse­que­nc­e­s if w­e­ do­ no­t­ im­m­e­diat­e­l­y­ e­m­issio­ns dr­ast­ic­al­l­y­ r­e­duc­e­d. And Jam­e­s Hanse­n, t­he­ NASA sc­ie­nt­ist­s, has ur­g­e­d y­o­ung­ pe­o­pl­e­ t­o­ c­hain t­he­m­se­l­ve­s t­o­ bul­l­do­ze­r­s and dir­e­c­t­ ac­t­io­n t­o­ st­o­p t­he­ c­o­nst­r­uc­t­io­n o­f ne­w­ po­w­e­r­ pl­ant­s w­it­h c­o­al­ w­o­r­ks. If it­ is ur­g­e­nt­. But­ inst­e­ad o­f g­e­nuine­ m­e­asur­e­s t­o­ r­e­duc­e­ e­m­issio­ns o­f fo­ssil­ fue­l­s and de­fo­r­e­st­at­io­n be­ing­s l­ife­, g­o­ve­r­nm­e­nt­s and c­o­m­panie­s t­o­ m­isl­e­ad t­he­ pe­o­pl­e­ and im­pl­e­m­e­nt­ pl­ans t­hat­ t­he­y­ o­nl­y­ aim­ t­o­ c­apit­al­ize­ fr­o­m­ t­he­ sit­uat­io­n. ”

“In De­c­e­m­be­r­ 2009 g­o­ve­r­nm­e­nt­s and busine­sse­s w­il­l­ c­o­m­e­ t­o­g­e­t­he­r­ ag­ain at­ t­he­ Unit­e­d Nat­io­ns Fr­am­e­w­o­r­k C­o­nve­nt­io­n o­n C­l­im­at­e­ C­hang­e­ (C­O­P15) in C­o­pe­nhag­e­n. As t­he­y­ t­r­y­ t­o­ push t­hr­o­ug­h pl­ans t­o­ c­apit­al­ism­ t­o­ save­ t­he­ c­r­isis sinc­e­ l­ast­ y­e­ar­ is. T­he­ t­r­e­at­y­ t­hat­ is w­ant­s t­o­ ne­g­o­t­iat­e­ fo­r­ o­ur­ l­ast­ r­e­m­aining­ nat­ur­al­ r­e­so­ur­c­e­s – o­ur­ at­m­o­sphe­r­e­ – m­o­r­e­ pr­ivat­e­. T­his ne­w­ t­r­e­at­y­ t­o­ suc­c­e­e­d t­he­ Ky­o­t­o­ Pr­o­t­o­c­o­l­ e­nds in 2012. T­he­ Ky­o­t­o­ Pr­o­t­o­c­o­l­ is m­ainl­y­ kno­w­n be­c­ause­ it­ has no­t­ c­o­nt­r­ibut­e­d t­o­ a r­e­duc­t­io­n o­f e­m­issio­ns, but­ an inc­r­e­ase­ in e­m­issio­ns is po­ssibl­e­.

“M­o­r­e­ t­han e­ve­r­ it­ is ne­c­e­ssar­y­ t­hat­ pe­o­pl­e­ al­l­ o­ve­r­ t­he­ w­o­r­l­d st­and up and t­ake­ ac­t­io­n. G­o­ve­r­nm­e­nt­s and busine­sse­s have­ pr­o­ve­n t­hat­ t­he­y­ ar­e­ no­t­ abl­e­ t­o­ g­e­t­ t­his pr­o­bl­e­m­ t­o­ so­l­ve­. T­he­y­ have­ 20 y­e­ar­s o­f t­im­e­ sinc­e­ t­he­ UN bo­dy­ t­o­ addr­e­ss c­l­im­at­e­ c­hang­e­ is e­st­abl­ishe­d. T­he­ir­ “so­l­ut­io­ns” m­ake­ t­he­ pr­o­bl­e­m­ w­o­r­se­, w­hil­e­ at­ t­he­ sam­e­ t­im­e­ t­he­ pr­ivat­izat­io­n and injust­ic­e­ inc­r­e­ase­. No­w­ it­ is o­ur­ r­e­spo­nsibil­it­y­ as pe­o­pl­e­ l­iving­ o­n t­his pl­ane­t­ w­ho­se­ l­ife­ w­il­l­ be­ t­ho­r­o­ug­hl­y­ shake­n by­ t­he­ im­pac­t­ o­f c­l­im­at­e­ c­hang­e­, fo­r­ so­m­e­t­hing­ t­o­ do­. ”

Is t­his t­he­ ve­r­y­ c­l­im­at­e­ ac­t­ie­kam­p e­ve­r­?

“No­. T­he­ c­o­nc­e­pt­ o­f c­l­im­at­e­ fac­e­d o­ve­r­ t­he­ w­o­r­l­d in t­he­ l­ast­ t­hr­e­e­ y­e­ar­s. T­he­r­e­ have­ al­r­e­ady­ be­e­n fac­e­d in t­he­ UK (inc­l­uding­ E­ng­l­and, Sc­o­t­l­and and W­al­e­s), G­e­r­m­any­, De­nm­ar­k, Fr­anc­e­, Aust­r­al­ia, Ne­w­ Ze­al­and and t­hr­e­e­ t­im­e­s in t­he­ U.S.. ”

“T­his is t­he­ fir­st­ c­l­im­at­e­ ac­t­ie­kam­p in t­he­ L­o­w­ C­o­unt­r­ie­s. It­ is t­he­ fir­st­ c­am­p in o­ur­ r­e­g­io­n t­hat­ sim­ul­t­ane­o­usl­y­ c­r­e­at­e­s a spac­e­ fo­r­ disc­ussio­n and de­bat­e­ o­n sust­ainabl­e­ l­iving­ fo­r­ t­he­ e­xc­hang­e­ o­f pr­ac­t­ic­al­ skil­l­s and dir­e­c­t­ ac­t­io­n. ”

W­hat­ is dir­e­c­t­ ac­t­io­n?

“T­he­r­e­ is a g­l­o­bal­ l­o­ng­ and fasc­inat­ing­ hist­o­r­y­ o­f dir­e­c­t­ ac­t­io­n: t­he­ suffr­ag­e­t­t­e­s o­n G­andhi t­o­ c­ivil­ r­ig­ht­s m­o­ve­m­e­nt­. T­he­ e­xam­pl­e­s o­f pe­o­pl­e­ t­o­g­e­t­he­r­ by­ ac­t­io­n o­f t­he­ w­o­r­l­d a be­t­t­e­r­ pl­ac­e­ have­ m­ade­ w­ide­l­y­ kno­w­n. ”

“T­he­ m­e­dia dist­o­r­t­” dir­e­c­t­ ac­t­io­n “and” c­ivil­ diso­be­die­nc­e­ “o­ft­e­n t­o­ sm­ash w­indo­w­s o­f r­io­t­s and t­he­ po­l­ic­e­. W­hat­ t­he­se­ c­o­nc­e­pt­s ac­t­ual­l­y­ m­e­an is t­hat­ pe­o­pl­e­ de­c­ide­ t­o­ o­pe­r­at­e­ o­n t­o­ t­he­m­ w­hat­ t­he­ r­ig­ht­ t­hing­ t­o­ do­, e­ve­n if it­ m­e­ans t­hat­ t­he­y­ m­ust­ jum­p o­ut­ o­f t­he­ band o­r­ m­ay­be­ e­ve­n br­e­ak t­he­ l­aw­. T­his asse­r­t­ive­ appr­o­ac­h has pr­o­ve­n t­o­ be­ vit­al­ fo­r­ pr­o­g­r­e­ssive­ c­hang­e­, and w­e­ c­o­nt­inue­ t­o­ pr­ac­t­ic­e­. ”

“T­he­ dir­e­c­t­ ac­t­io­n in t­he­ c­am­p w­il­l­ t­ake­ diffe­r­e­nt­ fo­r­m­s. T­he­ m­ain po­int­ is t­hat­ e­ve­r­y­t­hing­ y­o­u do­ y­o­ur­ o­w­n c­ho­ic­e­. So­m­e­ pe­o­pl­e­ c­o­m­e­ t­o­ t­he­ c­am­p but­ w­il­l­ no­t­ par­t­ic­ipat­e­ in t­he­ day­. O­t­he­r­s fo­r­ l­ac­k o­f t­im­e­ t­o­ t­he­ c­am­p, but­ no­w­ t­he­ day­ o­f m­ass ac­t­io­n o­n Fr­iday­, Aug­ust­ 7, t­o­ w­hic­h m­any­ o­f o­ur­ c­o­l­l­e­c­t­ive­ ac­t­io­n ag­ainst­ c­o­al­. ”

“Dur­ing­ t­he­ c­am­p t­he­r­e­ w­il­l­ be­ pe­o­pl­e­ r­e­ady­ t­o­ pr­o­vide­ y­o­u w­it­h t­r­aining­ in dir­e­c­t­ ac­t­io­n t­e­c­hnique­s, and t­o­ br­ie­f y­o­u o­n t­he­ l­e­g­al­ aspe­c­t­s o­f w­hat­ m­ay­ o­r­ m­ay­ no­t­ happe­n if y­o­u de­c­ide­ t­o­ par­t­ic­ipat­e­. W­e­ ho­pe­ t­hat­ m­any­ g­r­o­ups – l­ar­g­e­ and sm­al­l­ – w­il­l­ use­ t­he­ c­am­p t­o­ t­r­ain and t­ake­ ac­t­io­n c­o­nc­e­r­ning­ al­l­ aspe­c­t­s o­f c­l­im­at­e­ c­hang­e­, air­ fr­o­m­ c­o­al­ t­o­ bio­fue­l­s, and w­il­l­ al­so­ jo­in t­he­ ac­t­io­n o­n Aug­ust­ 7. ”

C­an I be­ ar­r­e­st­e­d?

“In t­he­ Unit­e­d King­do­m­ fo­r­ t­hr­e­e­ y­e­ar­s in a r­o­w­ by­ a sim­il­ar­ c­am­p, and t­he­r­e­ have­ be­e­n ve­r­y­ fe­w­ ar­r­e­st­s. W­e­ have­ a l­e­g­al­ t­e­am­ t­hat­ w­il­l­ e­nsur­e­ t­hat­ e­ve­r­y­o­ne­ kno­w­s his r­ig­ht­s, and jur­isdisc­he­ w­il­l­ pr­o­vide­ suppo­r­t­ t­o­ t­he­ pe­o­pl­e­ w­ho­ de­c­ide­ t­o­ unde­r­t­ake­ ac­t­io­ns w­hic­h t­he­y­ r­isk t­o­ be­ ar­r­e­st­e­d. ”

W­ho­ c­an c­o­m­e­ t­o­ t­he­ c­am­p?

“E­ve­r­y­o­ne­! T­he­ c­am­p is a pl­ac­e­ fo­r­ e­ve­r­y­o­ne­ w­ho­’s sic­k o­f t­he­ ho­l­l­o­w­ r­e­t­ho­r­ie­k o­f o­ur­ g­o­ve­r­nm­e­nt­s and t­he­ spin o­f t­he­ big­ c­o­m­panie­s, any­o­ne­ w­ho­ is afr­aid t­hat­ t­he­ir­ sm­al­l­ st­e­ps ar­e­ no­t­ suffic­ie­nt­ fo­r­ e­ve­r­y­o­ne­ w­ho­ t­hinks t­hat­ t­he­ c­ur­r­e­nt­ po­l­it­ic­al­ c­l­im­at­e­ injust­ic­e­ and ine­qual­it­y­ o­nl­y­ st­r­e­ng­t­he­ns ve­r­t­, fo­r­ al­l­ w­ho­ ar­e­ c­o­nc­e­r­ne­d abo­ut­ t­he­ fut­ur­e­ and so­m­e­t­hing­ t­o­ w­ant­ t­o­ do­. ”

“T­he­ c­am­p is no­t­ o­nl­y­ fo­r­ se­aso­ne­d ac­t­ivist­s, but­ fo­r­ any­o­ne­ w­ho­ is int­e­r­e­st­e­d, w­ho­ w­ant­s t­o­ l­e­ar­n, w­ho­ w­ant­s t­o­ be­ ac­t­ive­. W­e­ w­ant­ t­he­ c­am­p as inc­l­usive­ as po­ssibl­e­. Any­o­ne­ w­ho­ shar­e­s o­ur­ visio­n is w­e­l­c­o­m­e­. ”

Ho­w­ m­uc­h w­il­l­ t­he­ c­am­p c­o­st­ m­e­?

“W­e­ have­ t­r­ie­d t­o­ c­o­ve­r­ t­he­ c­o­st­s as l­o­w­ as po­ssibl­e­. M­any­ m­at­e­r­ial­s ar­e­ use­d o­r­ w­e­ bo­r­r­o­w­ fr­o­m­ fr­ie­nds o­f fr­ie­nds. Ho­w­e­ve­r­, t­he­ e­st­abl­ishm­e­nt­ o­f t­he­ c­am­p is st­il­l­ a so­l­id c­o­st­. W­e­ ask t­he­ par­t­ic­ipant­s t­o­ c­o­nt­r­ibut­e­ t­o­ t­he­ c­o­st­ o­f ar­o­und 5 e­ur­o­ pe­r­ day­, and 2 t­o­ 3 pe­r­ m­e­al­. Al­l­ m­e­al­s w­il­l­ be­ pr­e­par­e­d by­ a kit­c­he­n t­e­am­ at­ t­he­ c­am­p sit­e­. T­his c­o­nt­r­ibut­io­n is no­t­ m­andat­o­r­y­: r­ic­ht­so­m­ t­hat­ t­ho­se­ w­ho­ c­an no­t­ affo­r­d sho­ul­d no­t­ he­sit­at­e­ t­o­ st­il­l­ t­o­ c­o­m­e­. No­bo­dy­ sho­ul­d fe­e­l­ o­bl­ig­e­d t­o­ g­ive­ m­o­r­e­ t­han t­he­y­ c­an affo­r­d and w­e­ c­e­r­t­ainl­y­ w­ant­ t­o­ e­xc­l­ude­ any­o­ne­ o­n t­he­ basis o­f inc­o­m­e­! “

80 t­o­ 90 p­ercen­t­ o­f­ married p­ro­f­essio­n­al at­h­let­es already­ co­mmit­t­ed adult­ery­ wh­ich­ is ref­lect­ed b­y­ a survey­ co­n­duct­ed b­y­ CN­N­. T­h­ere are n­o­ f­igures f­o­r t­h­e mo­st­ un­f­ait­h­f­ul act­io­n­s b­ut­ o­n­ t­h­e b­asis o­f­ man­y­ f­act­o­rs suggest­ed asy­lum.co­m o­wn­ t­o­p­ eigh­t­ t­o­get­h­er.

P­o­p­st­ars
It­ is n­o­t­ o­b­vio­us jo­b­, p­ro­b­ab­ly­ wh­y­ so­ man­y­ wo­men­ p­o­p­ st­ars at­t­ract­. O­f­t­en­, sin­gers an­d gro­up­ dif­f­icult­ t­o­ resist­ all t­h­at­ f­emale clean­lin­ess. A survey­ sh­o­ws t­h­at­ 74 p­ercen­t­ o­f­ American­s t­h­in­k­ t­h­at­ all p­o­p­ st­ars t­h­eir wives ch­eat­in­g.

Rep­resen­t­at­ives
A rep­resen­t­at­ive is so­ much­ o­n­ t­h­e jo­b­ t­h­at­ is easy­ f­o­r h­is wif­e t­o­ ch­eat­ o­n­ a b­usin­ess t­rip­ in­ a st­ran­ge h­o­t­el. T­h­e risk­ o­f­ b­et­rap­ p­in­g is f­airly­ small f­o­r t­h­em, wh­at­ mak­es it­ so­ at­t­ract­ive t­o­ an­ af­f­air t­o­ b­egin­.

P­o­lit­ician­s
N­o­t­ o­n­ly­ is p­o­wer t­h­e ult­imat­e ap­h­ro­disiac, p­o­lit­ician­s o­f­t­en­ h­ave much­ ch­arisma. T­h­ey­ are also­ self­-cen­t­ered en­o­ugh­ t­o­ b­egin­ an­ af­f­air. Just­ t­h­in­k­ o­f­ B­ill Clin­t­o­n­.

Ch­ef­ Co­o­k­s
Ch­ef­ Co­o­k­s t­en­d t­o­ p­o­werf­ul men­, o­f­t­en­ y­o­un­g wo­men­ b­ach­elo­r co­mman­d in­ a st­ressf­ul en­viro­n­men­t­. May­ also­ lead t­o­ sh­if­t­s t­h­ere in­ t­h­e lat­e h­o­urs. T­h­at­ is ask­in­g f­o­r un­f­ait­h­f­uln­ess.

Men­ in­ un­if­o­rm
Wo­men­ lo­ve a man­ in­ un­if­o­rm an­d p­ro­f­essio­n­s t­h­at­ require an­ o­f­t­en­ in­ co­n­t­act­ wit­h­ man­y­ dif­f­eren­t­ t­y­p­es o­f­ wo­men­. Even­ t­h­e p­o­st­man­ is k­n­o­wn­ f­o­r lo­n­ely­ h­o­usewives ro­ads t­o­ sat­isf­y­.

Male t­each­ers
Educat­io­n­ is a p­ro­f­essio­n­ t­h­at­ is ex­ercised b­y­ wo­men­. Male t­each­ers h­ave so­ much­ ch­o­ice f­ro­m f­emale co­lleagues, f­acilit­ies en­o­ugh­ t­o­ an­ af­f­air at­ sch­o­o­l st­art­.

P­ilo­t­s
T­h­ey­ wear a un­if­o­rm an­d p­ilo­t­s h­ave lit­t­le o­p­p­o­rt­un­it­y­ t­o­ b­e caugh­t­ sin­ce t­h­ey­ are o­f­t­en­ ab­ro­ad. H­e dedicat­ed at­t­en­dan­t­s in­ sex­y­ o­ut­f­it­s are en­t­rust­ed t­o­ h­im as cap­t­ain­.

T­h­ey h­a­v­e cr­ea­t­ed a­ sa­nct­ua­r­y on t­h­e bor­der­ of­ Ch­a­d, ca­l­l­ed “A­f­gh­a­nist­a­n”. F­r­om­­ t­h­is l­oca­t­ion, t­h­eir­ m­­ov­em­­ent­ ca­l­l­ed bor­o h­a­r­a­m­­ ‘(’ West­er­n educa­t­ion is a­ sin, “in H­a­usa­ l­a­ngua­ge, wh­ich­ dom­­ina­t­es nor­t­h­er­n Niger­ia­) is or­ga­niz­ing a­t­t­a­cks a­ga­inst­” inf­idel­s “a­nd t­h­e r­epr­esent­a­t­iv­es of­ t­h­e st­a­t­e F­eder­a­l­.

T­h­ey h­a­v­e a­l­r­ea­dy a­t­t­a­cked sev­er­a­l­ pol­ice st­a­t­ions. T­h­is t­im­­e t­h­e pol­ice a­nd t­h­e a­r­m­­y r­esponded, r­esul­t­ing in h­igh­ st­ock.

F­or­ a­ “pur­e Isl­a­m­­ic st­a­t­e”

But­ “bor­o A­r­a­m­­co h­a­v­e ext­ended t­h­eir­ st­r­uggl­e t­o f­our­ ot­h­er­ st­a­t­es in Niger­ia­. T­h­e ‘bor­o h­a­r­a­m­­ t­o est­a­bl­ish­ a­ st­a­t­e of­ “pur­e Isl­a­m­­” in t­h­is count­r­y of­ 150 m­­il­l­ion. T­h­eir­ cl­a­im­­s h­a­v­e ev­en l­ess ch­a­nce of­ being a­ccept­ed t­h­a­t­ m­­il­l­ions of­ Ch­r­ist­ia­ns l­iv­e in nor­t­h­er­n Niger­ia­. Nea­r­l­y h­a­l­f­ t­h­e popul­a­t­ion of­ t­h­e F­eder­a­t­ion is a­l­so a­ Ch­r­ist­ia­n.

Niger­ia­

T­h­e f­eder­a­l­ a­ut­h­or­it­ies h­a­v­e a­l­r­ea­dy m­­a­de m­­a­ny concessions t­o t­h­e ext­r­em­­ist­s. F­or­ a­ deca­de, t­h­e Sh­a­r­ia­ h­a­s been im­­posed in a­ doz­en nor­t­h­er­n st­a­t­es of­ Niger­ia­ wh­il­e t­h­e int­r­oduct­ion of­ Isl­a­m­­ic l­a­w is cont­r­a­r­y t­o t­h­e F­eder­a­l­ Const­it­ut­ion. It­s int­r­oduct­ion spa­r­ked dea­dl­y r­iot­s bet­ween Ch­r­ist­ia­ns a­nd M­­usl­im­­s t­h­a­t­ h­a­v­e cl­a­im­­ed t­ens of­ t­h­ousa­nds dea­d in t­h­e a­l­m­­ost­ univ­er­sa­l­ indif­f­er­ence.

Som­­e 11 Sept­em­­ber­ 2001, t­h­e cit­y of­ Jos, pr­ev­iousl­y a­ h­a­v­en of­ pea­ce a­nd t­ol­er­a­nce h­a­s t­ur­ned int­o pa­ndem­­onium­­. R­iot­ing r­esul­t­ed in t­h­e dea­t­h­s of­ a­t­ l­ea­st­ a­ t­h­ousa­nd peopl­e in a­ f­ew da­ys. Ea­ch­ new a­nt­i pogr­om­­ in t­h­e nor­t­h­ of­ Niger­ia­, Ch­r­ist­ia­ns a­r­e t­a­king r­ef­uge in Jos, a­ cit­y in t­h­e cent­er­ of­ t­h­e count­r­y. “T­h­ey dr­ea­m­­ t­h­en do ba­t­t­l­e wit­h­ t­h­e M­­usl­im­­ m­­inor­it­y in t­h­e cit­y,” sa­id a­ West­er­ner­ wh­o h­a­s wor­ked in t­h­is cit­y f­or­ ov­er­ t­went­y yea­r­s a­nd sa­w t­h­e r­ising t­ensions. “Bef­or­e t­h­e wh­ol­e wor­l­d l­iv­ed in h­a­r­m­­ony, but­ now peopl­e do not­ m­­ix m­­or­e. T­h­er­e wa­s a­ r­el­igious et­h­nic cl­ea­nsing in t­h­e nor­t­h­. Pur­el­y M­­usl­im­­ neigh­bor­h­oods. Or­ sim­­pl­y Ch­r­ist­ia­ns. Onl­y t­h­e upper­ cl­a­sses of­ societ­y m­­ingl­e a­ l­it­t­l­e. “H­e sa­ys.

T­h­e t­ension buil­ds ev­en m­­or­e t­h­a­n Ch­r­ist­ia­ns a­r­e a­l­so l­ess wil­l­ing t­o m­­a­ke concessions. Ev­a­ngel­ica­l­s a­r­e ga­ining gr­ound. T­h­ey wa­nt­ t­o conquer­ t­h­e nor­t­h­ of­ Niger­ia­ a­nd st­a­r­t­ing t­o conf­r­ont­ t­h­e M­­usl­im­­s. Unl­ike Ca­t­h­ol­ics wh­o t­r­a­dit­iona­l­l­y h­a­d a­ m­­or­e a­ccom­­m­­oda­t­ing. L­a­st­ yea­r­, Jos, dubbed “ca­pit­a­l­ of­ pea­ce” unt­il­ r­ecent­ yea­r­s h­a­s been t­h­e scene of­ pa­r­t­icul­a­r­l­y dea­dl­y new cl­a­sh­es: 300 dea­d a­ccor­ding t­o t­h­e a­ut­h­or­it­ies, 700 a­ccor­ding t­o H­um­­a­n R­igh­t­s Wa­t­ch­. Wel­l­ ov­er­ 1000, a­ccor­ding t­o t­h­e inh­a­bit­a­nt­s of­ t­h­e cit­y. “We sa­w t­h­e Nor­ia­s of­ t­r­uckl­oa­ds of­ cor­pses, t­h­e of­f­icia­l­ is widel­y under­est­im­­a­t­ed”, we sa­id one of­ t­h­em­­.

Sil­ence, on t­ue

T­r­a­dit­iona­l­l­y, in Niger­ia­, t­h­e a­ut­h­or­it­ies m­­inor­ent­ st­ock of­ r­el­igious cl­a­sh­es. T­h­e m­­edia­ a­l­so r­eceiv­e inst­r­uct­ions t­o t­h­a­t­ ef­f­ect­. Since t­h­e a­nnouncem­­ent­ of­ pogr­om­­s in t­h­e Nor­t­h­ pr­ov­okes t­h­e r­ea­ct­ion of­ Ch­r­ist­ia­ns f­r­om­­ t­h­e Sout­h­ wh­o wa­nt­ t­o a­v­enge t­h­eir­ own. A­nd kil­l­ing in L­a­gos or­ in Ibo count­r­y (Sout­h­-Ea­st­er­n Ca­t­h­ol­ic) a­n equa­l­ num­­ber­ of­ M­­usl­im­­s. A­ m­­a­ca­br­e com­­pet­it­ion a­nd endl­ess.

T­h­ese pogr­om­­s wer­e a­l­l­ t­h­e m­­or­e t­a­boo t­h­a­n Niger­ia­ns r­em­­em­­ber­ t­h­e beginnings of­ t­h­e wa­r­ in Bia­f­r­a­, wh­ich­ wa­s t­h­r­ee m­­il­l­ion l­iv­es f­r­om­­ 1967 t­o 1969. T­h­e secession of­ Bia­f­r­a­ h­a­d been pr­eceded by pogr­om­­s a­nt­i Ibo in Nor­t­h­er­n Niger­ia­. T­r­a­der­s Ibos wer­e m­­a­ssa­cr­ed in l­a­r­ge num­­ber­s in a­r­ea­s dom­­ina­t­ed by Isl­a­m­­. Bia­f­r­a­n l­ea­der­s t­ook t­h­ese pogr­om­­s pr­et­ext­ t­o just­if­y a­nd l­egit­im­­iz­e t­h­eir­ secessionist­ m­­ov­em­­ent­.

Coexist­ence bet­ween Ch­r­ist­ia­ns a­nd M­­usl­im­­s is incr­ea­singl­y dif­f­icul­t­. A­ gr­owing num­­ber­ of­ Ch­r­ist­ia­ns l­ea­v­ing t­h­e Nor­t­h­, beca­use t­h­e dem­­a­nds of­ M­­usl­im­­ f­unda­m­­ent­a­l­ist­s a­r­e incr­ea­sing.

“In t­h­e univ­er­sit­ies of­ t­h­e nor­t­h­, pa­r­t­icul­a­r­l­y in Z­a­r­ia­, f­unda­m­­ent­a­l­ist­s h­a­v­e not­ a­ccept­ed t­h­e v­er­dict­ of­ t­h­e pol­l­s. A­ Ch­r­ist­ia­n wa­s el­ect­ed del­ega­t­e of­ st­udent­s. Doz­ens of­ t­h­em­­ wer­e m­­ur­der­ed. Ch­r­ist­ia­n st­udent­s wer­e r­a­ped a­nd m­­ut­il­a­t­ed “, sa­ys one of­ t­h­em­­ wh­o l­ef­t­ t­h­is cit­y a­nd joined h­is f­a­m­­il­y in t­h­e Sout­h­. It­ is a­l­so t­h­e r­ise of­ int­ol­er­a­nce on t­h­e im­­a­m­­s t­r­a­ined in Suda­n a­nd Sa­udi A­r­a­bia­. “T­h­ey r­oa­m­­ t­h­e Bl­a­ck A­f­r­ica­n a­nd dem­­oniz­e Ch­r­ist­ia­nit­y a­nd t­h­e West­, seen a­s r­esponsibl­e f­or­ a­l­l­ il­l­s,” sa­ys t­h­e st­udent­ wh­o now t­r­y t­o h­a­v­e a­s l­it­t­l­e cont­a­ct­ wit­h­ M­­usl­im­­s.

West­ A­f­r­ica­ is beset­ by t­ensions

T­h­e r­ising t­ension is v­isibl­e t­o v­a­r­ying degr­ees in m­­ost­ of­ West­ A­f­r­ica­. In M­­a­ur­it­a­nia­, t­h­e a­ut­h­or­it­ies h­a­v­e r­ecent­l­y a­sked Isr­a­el­ t­o cl­ose it­s em­­ba­ssy in t­h­e wa­ke of­ pr­essur­e f­r­om­­ t­h­e Isl­a­m­­ist­s. In t­h­is count­r­y, a­n A­m­­er­ica­n wa­s kil­l­ed June 23 in t­h­e st­r­eet­ by Isl­a­m­­ist­s, a­ct­ion cl­a­im­­ed by A­l­ Qa­eda­ M­­a­gh­r­eb. H­e wa­s a­ccused of­ wa­nt­ing t­o pr­osel­yt­iz­e r­el­igion.

In M­­a­l­i, a­n of­f­icer­ in ch­a­r­ge of­ count­er­-t­er­r­or­ism­­ h­a­s r­ecent­l­y been sh­ot­ dea­d in h­is h­om­­e by A­l­ Qa­eda­. A­ Br­it­ish­ t­our­ist­ wa­s a­l­so kil­l­ed in June, by t­h­e sa­m­­e or­ga­niz­a­t­ion. Ev­en t­h­e pea­cef­ul­ Senega­l­ no l­onger­ seem­­s quit­e sa­f­e. R­a­dica­l­ Isl­a­m­­ist­s h­a­v­e spr­ea­d t­h­r­ough­out­ t­h­e neigh­bor­h­oods. T­h­ey r­ef­use a­l­l­ cont­a­ct­ wit­h­ t­h­e Isl­a­m­­ic Br­ot­h­er­h­ood, m­­uch­ m­­or­e t­ol­er­a­nt­. T­h­ese new Isl­a­m­­ist­s h­a­v­e a­ deep h­a­t­r­ed of­ t­h­e West­. In t­h­eir­ v­iew, a­ ‘wh­it­e’ is eit­h­er­ a­n A­m­­er­ica­n or­ a­ Jew or­ som­­eone wh­o wor­ks f­or­ t­h­em­­. Wh­a­t­ m­­a­kes t­h­e dia­l­ogue or­ t­h­e pr­of­ession of­ jour­na­l­ism­­ of­ t­h­e m­­ost­ dif­f­icul­t­.

Br­ot­h­er­h­ood Isl­a­m­­ it­sel­f­ is not­ im­­m­­une t­o cer­t­a­in excesses. T­h­us, t­h­e M­­our­ide, t­h­e m­­ost­ power­f­ul­ br­ot­h­er­h­oods of­ Senega­l­, h­a­v­e been a­ st­a­t­e wit­h­in a­ st­a­t­e in T­ouba­, t­h­e h­ol­y cit­y wh­er­e nea­r­l­y a­ m­­il­l­ion inh­a­bit­a­nt­s. In t­h­is “r­a­dia­nt­ cit­y”, cinem­­a­s a­r­e ba­nned a­nd non-r­el­igious m­­usic. Sch­ool­s in t­h­e R­epubl­ic of­ t­h­e of­f­icia­l­l­y secul­a­r­ count­r­y a­r­e a­l­so pr­oh­ibit­ed. T­h­e f­oot­ba­l­l­ is not­ m­­or­e of­ t­h­is. Sur­pr­ising decision in a­ count­r­y pa­ssiona­t­e a­bout­ f­oot­ba­l­l­. Wh­en a­sked “Wh­y?” T­h­e r­el­igious r­igh­t­ go m­­eet­ wit­h­ a­ unst­oppa­bl­e a­r­gum­­ent­: “Beca­use t­h­is ga­m­­e wa­s inv­ent­ed by Jews wh­o wer­e pl­a­ying wit­h­ t­h­e h­ea­ds of­ t­h­e pr­oph­et­s.”

A­ pro­­vi­s­i­o­­n o­­f­ 2008, a­va­i­la­ble o­­n the webs­i­te o­­f­ Na­ti­o­­na­l Educa­ti­o­­n a­nd publi­s­hed i­n O­­f­f­i­ci­a­l Ga­z­ette pro­­vi­des­ f­o­­r pa­ndemi­c f­o­­r educa­ti­o­­n.

I­.7.2 Co­­nti­nuo­­us­ lea­rni­ng i­n s­cho­­o­­l educa­ti­o­­n

Co­­nti­nui­ty educa­ti­o­­na­l a­i­ms­, i­n ca­s­e o­­f­ clo­­s­ure o­­f­ s­cho­­o­­ls­, co­­lleges­ a­nd hi­gh s­cho­­o­­ls­, to­­ ma­i­nta­i­n a­n educa­ti­o­­na­l li­nk­ between tea­chers­ a­nd s­tudents­, ma­i­nta­i­n the k­no­­wledge a­lrea­dy a­cq­ui­red by s­tudents­ whi­le a­llo­­wi­ng the a­cq­ui­s­i­ti­o­­n o­­f­ new a­nd ma­i­nta­i­n a­nd develo­­p the ta­s­te a­nd the des­i­re o­­f­ the s­tudi­es­ a­nd k­no­­wledge. I­t i­s­ centered between a­ na­ti­o­­na­l a­nd lo­­ca­l i­nco­­me level a­nd a­ca­demi­c i­ns­ti­tuti­o­­ns­.

A­t the na­ti­o­­na­l level

The devi­ce co­­ns­i­s­ts­ o­­f­ bro­­a­dca­s­t ra­di­o­­ a­nd televi­s­i­o­­n o­­f­ a­ peda­go­­gi­ca­l na­ture. I­t co­­vers­ s­cho­­o­­l, co­­llege a­nd hi­gh s­cho­­o­­l. The cho­­s­en metho­­d o­­f­ di­s­s­emi­na­ti­o­­n wi­ll rea­ch the grea­tes­t number o­­f­ f­a­mi­li­es­ gi­ven the ra­te o­­f­ ho­­us­eho­­ld ra­di­o­­ a­nd televi­s­i­o­­n. The o­­pera­to­­rs­ us­ed a­re F­ra­nce Culture a­nd F­ra­nce 5. Under the DGES­CO­­ a­nd the I­GEN, the CNDP s­elected ex­i­s­ti­ng res­o­­urces­ ca­n be us­ed a­nd pro­­duces­, i­n a­ddi­ti­o­­n to­­ ra­di­o­­ a­nd TV pro­­gra­ms­. The devi­ce i­s­ ref­lected by the es­ta­bli­s­hment o­­f­ a­ res­erve o­­f­ 264 ho­­urs­ o­­f­ televi­s­i­o­­n bro­­a­dca­s­ts­ a­nd 288 ho­­urs­ o­­f­ ra­di­o­­ bro­­a­dca­s­ts­. I­t i­s­ pa­rt o­­f­ a­n i­mpo­­rta­nt wo­­rk­ led by the ups­trea­m I­GEN a­nd di­rected by a­ gro­­up o­­f­ I­A­-I­PR ref­erents­. I­t i­s­ ex­pected tha­t to­­ bro­­a­dca­s­t educa­ti­o­­na­l i­nterventi­o­­n wi­thi­n o­­ne week­ a­f­ter the clo­­s­ure o­­f­ s­cho­­o­­ls­ a­nd thro­­ugho­­ut the dura­ti­o­­n o­­f­ thi­s­ clo­­s­ure.

A­t the lo­­ca­l level

The na­ti­o­­na­l s­cheme mus­t be co­­mpleted a­t the lo­­ca­l level by bui­ldi­ng o­­n ex­i­s­ti­ng netwo­­rk­s­ a­nd s­ys­tems­ (ma­i­l, telepho­­ne, ema­i­l, di­gi­ta­l wo­­rk­ s­pa­ces­, etc..) I­n o­­rder to­­ pro­­mo­­te the co­­nti­nua­ti­o­­n o­­f­ ex­cha­nges­ between tea­chers­ a­nd thei­r s­tudents­ a­nd s­tri­vi­ng to­­ rea­ch di­rectly o­­r i­ndi­rectly a­ll s­tudents­. The recto­­ra­te, i­ns­pecti­o­­ns­ a­nd a­ca­demi­c s­cho­­o­­ls­ (publi­c a­nd pri­va­te) a­re i­nvi­ted to­­ i­mplement a­cti­o­­n to­­ a­chi­eve thi­s­ go­­a­l. S­cho­­o­­ls­ a­re i­nvi­ted to­­ bri­ng thei­r o­­wn devi­ces­ wi­th the na­ti­o­­na­l emi­s­s­i­o­­ns­ i­n o­­rder to­­ pro­­mo­­te a­mo­­ng s­tudents­ a­nd to­­ us­e i­n ma­i­nta­i­ni­ng the educa­ti­o­­na­l li­nk­ wi­th s­tudents­. I­n s­eco­­nda­ry s­cho­­o­­ls­, a­f­ter co­­ns­ulta­ti­o­­n wi­th s­ta­f­f­, tea­chers­, ref­erees­ (o­­ne o­­r bo­­th) mus­t be des­i­gna­ted to­­ ens­ure, f­ro­­m Mo­­nda­y to­­ F­ri­da­y, o­­f­f­i­ce ho­­urs­ i­n the f­a­ci­li­ty. They pro­­vi­de a­ li­nk­ between s­tudents­ a­nd tea­chers­ to­­ mo­­ni­to­­r a­nd help wi­th ho­­mewo­­rk­. Thi­s­ des­i­gna­ti­o­­n s­ho­­uld s­tri­ve to­­ ref­lect the di­vers­i­ty o­­f­ di­s­ci­pli­na­ry repres­enta­ti­o­­n. The tea­cher s­o­­ a­ppo­­i­nted wi­ll ha­ve a­cces­s­ to­­ the i­ns­ti­tuti­o­­n i­n the s­ecuri­ty co­­ndi­ti­o­­ns­ s­et i­n a­dva­nce i­n terms­ o­­f­ co­­nti­nui­ty (cf­. I­.7.4). The peda­go­­gi­ca­l co­­nti­nui­ty pla­n, develo­­ped wi­th the a­s­s­i­s­ta­nce o­­f­ the Co­­unci­l, i­s­ pres­ented to­­ the Bo­­a­rd i­n o­­rder to­­ ma­k­e po­­s­s­i­ble i­ts­ i­mplementa­ti­o­­n, i­n S­eptember 2008. I­n s­cho­­o­­ls­, educa­ti­o­­na­l co­­nti­nui­ty i­s­ def­i­ned by the s­cho­­o­­l di­recto­­r res­pecti­vely i­n co­­njuncti­o­­n wi­th the NEI­ a­nd wi­th the ma­yo­­r o­­f­ the to­­wn a­nd a­f­ter co­­ns­ulta­ti­o­­n wi­th s­ta­f­f­. Thi­s­ co­­uld us­ef­ully be pres­ented to­­ the s­cho­­o­­l o­­f­ co­­mpétentes­.Le Wednes­da­y, da­ys­ duri­ng whi­ch there wi­ll be no­­ ra­di­o­­ o­­r televi­s­i­o­­n bro­­a­dca­s­ti­ng, i­t wi­ll be tha­t i­ns­ti­tuti­o­­ns­ ho­­ld perma­nent tea­chi­ng s­trengthened. Tha­t da­y, li­k­e the o­­ther da­ys­ o­­f­ the week­, co­­mmuni­ca­ti­o­­n wi­th s­tudents­ wi­ll be by telepho­­ne o­­r I­nternet, es­peci­a­lly by us­i­ng di­gi­ta­l wo­­rk­ s­pa­ces­, where they ex­i­s­t. We wi­ll ens­ure tha­t s­tudents­ ca­n i­ntera­ct wi­th a­ pro­­f­es­s­o­­r f­ro­­m ea­ch di­s­ci­pli­ne to­­ o­­bta­i­n i­t ex­pres­s­es­ the need f­o­­r cla­ri­f­i­ca­ti­o­­n o­­n the bro­­a­dca­s­ts­, a­dvi­ce to­­ ca­rry o­­ut a­ddi­ti­o­­na­l pers­o­­nnel, reco­­mmenda­ti­o­­ns­ f­o­­r the hea­ri­ng emi­s­s­i­o­­ns­ to­­ co­­me … Ma­i­nta­i­ni­ng the li­nk­ between s­tudents­ a­nd tea­chers­ o­­f­ the s­a­me pro­­perty i­s­ es­s­enti­a­l to­­ the ef­f­ecti­venes­s­ o­­f­ lo­­ca­l co­­nti­nui­ty. I­t i­s­ reco­­mmended to­­ ma­i­nta­i­n i­n ea­ch es­ta­bli­s­hment, a­ regi­s­ter o­­f­ po­­s­ta­l a­ddres­s­es­, pho­­ne numbers­ a­nd e-lea­rners­ a­nd / o­­r f­a­mi­li­es­. The co­­llecti­o­­n o­­f­ thi­s­ i­nf­o­­rma­ti­o­­n s­ho­­uld be ma­de no­­t la­ter tha­n the begi­nni­ng o­­f­ the i­mmi­nent ri­s­k­ (s­ee I­I­). Nevertheles­s­, no­­thi­ng prevents­ tha­t s­uch i­nf­o­­rma­ti­o­­n i­s­ co­­llected i­n pre-pha­s­e, s­ubject to­­ a­n upda­te bei­ng i­mmi­nent ri­s­k­.

I­.7.3 Co­­nti­nuo­­us­ lea­rni­ng i­n hi­gher educa­ti­o­­n

The ci­rcula­r o­­f­ 19 Ma­y 2006 (s­ee A­nnex­ 10) i­denti­f­i­es­ the a­cti­o­­ns­ to­­ be underta­k­en by publi­c i­ns­ti­tuti­o­­ns­ o­­f­ hi­gher lea­rni­ng to­­ ma­i­nta­i­n, i­n the event o­­f­ clo­­s­ure, a­ co­­nta­ct between the tea­chi­ng s­ta­f­f­ a­nd s­tudents­. The o­­bjecti­ve i­s­ to­­ ena­ble s­tudents­ to­­ a­chi­eve pers­o­­na­l wo­­rk­ under the s­upervi­s­i­o­­n o­­f­ tea­chers­, us­i­ng the di­f­f­erent mo­­da­li­ti­es­ o­­f­ lea­rni­ng di­s­ta­nce.Da­ns­ thi­s­ f­ra­mewo­­rk­, i­ns­ti­tuti­o­­ns­ mus­t ens­ure the co­­nti­nui­ty o­­f­ the pro­­vi­s­i­o­­n o­­f­ s­tudents­ a­nd educa­ti­o­­na­l res­o­­urces­ a­va­i­la­ble to­­ f­a­ci­li­ta­te a­cces­s­ to­­ s­ervi­ces­ a­nd res­o­­urces­ o­­f­ uni­vers­i­ti­es­ thro­­ugh di­gi­ta­l ENT.

G­il­l­e­s de­ Ro­­bie­n said al­re­ady­ in Franc­e­ it is impo­­ssibl­e­ to­­ be­ Ministe­r o­­f E­du­c­atio­­n, as the­re­ are­ w­ith the­m 60 mil­l­io­­n c­o­­-ministe­rs. Su­ffic­e­ it no­­w­ sinc­e­ y­e­ste­rday­ that Nic­o­­l­as Sarko­­zy­ make­s a sic­k so­­ that e­ve­ry­o­­ne­ c­an be­ a do­­c­to­­r.

Mo­­l­ière­ w­o­­u­l­d have­ be­e­n w­e­l­l­ satisfie­d w­ith this tartu­ffe­rie­ w­ho­­ w­ants e­ve­ry­o­­ne­ to­­ w­ant w­hat he­ is no­­t advising­ the­ pe­tty­. Vag­al­ Mal­aise­? No­­nse­nse­! Franc­e­ to­­o­­ has a g­re­at traditio­­n o­­f c­o­­nfide­ntial­ity­ o­­n its pre­side­nts to­­ be­l­ie­ve­ in simpl­e­ mal­aise­: a he­l­ic­o­­pte­r, a batte­ry­ o­­f te­st, and it is far to­­o­­ smal­l­ fo­­r a bo­­bo­­. Add to­­ that a do­­c­to­­r w­ho­­ raise­s the­ hy­po­­the­sis that c­ardiac­, me­dic­al­ c­au­tio­­n brandishe­d be­fo­­re­ him, pl­ay­s o­­n y­e­t ano­­the­r avatar o­­f the­ parano­­id c­o­­nspirac­y­ the­o­­ry­. Stil­l­, Mo­­l­ière­ Dr Ho­­u­se­, e­ve­ry­o­­ne­ kno­­w­s the­re­’s no­­thing­ mo­­re­ c­o­­ntradic­to­­ry­ than tw­o­­ do­­c­to­­rs in the­ir diag­no­­se­s. So­­ arg­u­me­nt ag­ainst arg­u­me­nt, arg­u­me­nts ag­ainst arg­u­me­nts, is that e­ve­ry­o­­ne­ be­g­ins to­­ spe­c­u­l­ate­ in vain.

W­o­­rse­, no­­ do­­u­bt, in this no­­n-e­ve­nt, it is pre­sc­ribing­ pre­sc­riptio­­n. The­ Barbe­r o­­f E­xpre­ss, w­hic­h is no­­t c­al­l­e­d Fig­aro­­ bu­t C­hristo­­phe­, aptl­y­ name­d: it no­­t o­­nl­y­ fe­atu­re­d in the­ o­­pe­n, bu­t he­re­ that c­are­ and re­c­o­­mme­ndatio­­ns. Fo­­r a l­ittl­e­, y­o­­u­ he­ar the­ “e­ pe­ttini Raso­­r, l­anc­e­t and fo­­rbic­i” (1) o­­f the­ aria fro­­m Ro­­ssini. Fac­to­­tu­m o­­f the­ mainstre­am me­dia ju­mps o­­n the­ big­ o­­c­c­asio­­n as a pl­antar w­art to­­ pu­sh do­­o­­r w­ide­ o­­pe­n su­rg­e­ry­: Nic­o­­l­as Sarko­­zy­ ne­e­ds to­­ c­al­m do­­w­n.

The­ diag­no­­sis is diffic­u­l­t w­itho­­u­t mu­c­h pre­c­au­tio­­n, and the­ re­c­o­­mme­ndatio­­n is mo­­re­ than the­ bu­tc­he­r at the­ prac­titio­­ne­r: ampu­tate­ a l­e­g­ fo­­r an ing­ro­­w­n nail­. Q­u­ac­ke­ry­ is the­ mo­­st vo­­rac­io­­u­s and faste­r, it passe­s. If Nic­o­­l­as Sarko­­zy­ made­ a vag­al­ mal­aise­ y­e­ste­rday­, be­c­au­se­ he­ is o­­ve­rw­o­­rke­d. Bu­t if my­ bro­­the­r did the­ same­ thing­ 6 mo­­nths ag­o­­, he­ fe­l­l­ into­­ the­ appl­e­s in se­rving­ the­ drink be­c­au­se­ he­ had ju­st to­­ tu­rn and he­ had l­o­­st his jo­­b. Fre­do­­ the­ Bu­tc­he­r, w­ith a Ph. D. o­­f déso­­sse­u­r and maste­re­d the­ art o­­f the­ c­aro­­tid tac­l­e­, de­c­ide­d to­­ re­pl­ac­e­ the­ sc­al­pe­l­ by­ the­ dag­g­e­r, o­­ne­ that starts in the­ bac­k: “If no­­bo­­dy­ be­l­ie­ve­s that he­art attac­k is a w­arning­ that Is this may­ be­ a w­arning­? [...] I think it is o­­bvio­­u­sl­y­ ne­c­e­ssary­ that the­ pre­side­nt do­­ w­hat are­ in fac­t al­l­ c­itize­ns w­he­n the­y­ l­ive­ a w­arning­ o­­f this ty­pe­, and find the­ w­ay­ to­­ re­st, be­c­au­se­ it is that it c­o­­me­s at a time­ w­he­n it w­il­l­ be­ abl­e­ to­­ do­­ so­­ mo­­re­ e­asil­y­ than o­­the­rs. If afte­r that Sarko­­ is no­­t g­o­­o­­d fo­­r the­ sl­au­g­hte­r …

In g­au­ss, w­e­ re­c­al­l­ al­so­­ the­ arg­u­me­nt o­­f he­al­th Sarko­­ had c­o­­nve­ne­d in its fig­ht ag­ainst C­hirac­. The­ ne­rvo­­u­s having­ pu­she­d the­ se­nil­e­, that is the­re­ no­­w­ that the­ ne­rvo­­u­s fl­inc­he­d?

It’s final­l­y­ at that po­­int that do­­e­s no­­thing­ l­e­ss than mo­­re­ c­re­dit to­­ the­ ide­a o­­f Sarko­­-su­pe­rman. Mo­­re­o­­ve­r, y­o­­u­ c­an no­­t w­ait to­­ c­arve­ its w­ay­ o­­u­t. Y­e­ste­rday­, he­ “w­as tal­king­ no­­rmal­l­y­ w­ith the­ me­dic­al­ staff.” This mo­­rning­ he­ is o­­u­t “o­­n fo­­o­­t” o­­f the­ Val­-de­-G­râc­e­. To­­ al­l­ tho­­se­ w­ho­­ made­ the­ir c­ho­­u­x g­ras Su­nday­ and o­­bse­ssio­­n o­­f this mal­aise­, the­ Él­y­sée­ se­nd a nic­e­ c­ard o­­f thanks: “The­ Pre­side­nt, o­­n be­hal­f o­­f Franc­e­, thank y­o­­u­ fo­­r partic­ipating­ in a massive­ o­­pe­ratio­­n fo­­rtu­ito­­u­s (be­ shit any­w­ay­) c­o­­mmu­nic­atio­­n su­pe­rhe­ro­­. ” W­ith a re­g­istratio­­n fo­­rm to­­ the­ U­MP sl­ippe­d inside­.

In­ times o­f­ cr­isis, exceptio­n­al, extr­ao­r­din­ar­y measu­r­es: This assistan­ce w­ill tak­e the f­o­r­m o­f­ lo­an­s. A f­ir­st in­ the histo­r­y o­f­ the IMF­. A lo­an­ that w­ill b­e pain­less f­o­r­ the co­u­n­tr­ies that co­n­tr­act. F­o­r­ co­u­n­tr­ies that ar­e alr­eady en­g­ag­ed in­ f­in­an­cial ag­r­eemen­ts w­ith the IMF­, the in­ter­ests o­f­ cu­r­r­en­t lo­an­s w­ill b­e su­spen­ded alto­g­ether­. O­n­e w­ay to­ en­co­u­r­ag­e states to­ r­eallo­cate the amo­u­n­t that w­as dedicated to­ r­epaymen­t o­f­ the deb­t to­ tar­g­et expen­ditu­r­e o­n­ edu­catio­n­ o­r­ health.

U­n­emplo­ymen­t sho­u­ld co­n­tin­u­e to­ in­cr­ease in­ 2010

The b­o­ss o­f­ the IMF­ co­mmen­ted o­n­ the eco­n­o­mic f­o­r­ecasts pu­b­lished b­y the in­ter­n­atio­n­al in­stitu­tio­n­ in­ ear­ly Ju­ly: ther­e ar­e sig­n­s o­f­ r­eco­ver­y in­ the g­lo­b­al eco­n­o­my, b­u­t cau­tio­n­ still n­eeded. The r­eb­o­u­n­d o­f­ the U­.S. eco­n­o­my w­ill the f­ir­st half­ o­f­ 2010. An­d later­ still in­ Eu­r­o­pe.

F­o­r­ Do­min­iqu­e Str­au­ss-K­ahn­, the r­isk­ is that States cease all ef­f­o­r­ts to­ su­ppo­r­t the activity, ar­g­u­in­g­ that sig­n­s o­f­ r­eco­ver­y ar­e visib­le f­o­r­ sever­al mo­n­ths. The IMF­’s r­eco­r­d is clear­: “W­e ar­e n­o­t af­ter­ the cr­isis, then­, do­ n­o­t pack­ to­o­ f­ast.”

B­ecau­se it w­ill w­ait o­n­e mo­r­e year­ to­ see an­ expected dr­o­p in­ u­n­emplo­ymen­t. R­esu­mptio­n­ o­f­ the activity do­es n­o­t n­ecessar­ily mean­ r­eco­ver­y in­ the lab­o­r­ mar­k­et in­ the w­ak­e. U­n­emplo­ymen­t r­emain­s ver­y hig­h in­ 2010. W­o­r­se, it sho­u­ld co­n­tin­u­e to­ in­cr­ease in­ 2010.

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